{"id":141,"date":"2022-02-13T12:07:00","date_gmt":"2022-02-13T12:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valuestream.club\/?p=134"},"modified":"2022-02-13T12:07:00","modified_gmt":"2022-02-13T12:07:00","slug":"simturi-pe-care-le-au-animalele-si-oamenii-nu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valuestream.club\/?p=141","title":{"rendered":"Sim\u021buri pe care le au animalele \u0219i oamenii nu"},"content":{"rendered":"

  Prietenii no\u0219tri din lumea animal\u0103, pot vedea prin perete, pot naviga f\u0103r\u0103 GPS \u0219i simt prada de la distan\u021be mari.<\/span><\/p>\n

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1. Vedere \u00een infraro\u0219u
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Lumina infraro\u0219u are lungimi de und\u0103 mai mari dec\u00e2t spectrul vizibil, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t nu poate fi captat\u0103 de ochiul uman. Dar \u021b\u00e2n\u021barii \u0219i plo\u0219ni\u021bele de pat, broa\u0219tele \u0219i c\u00e2\u021biva pe\u0219ti, liliecii vampiri \u0219i multe tipuri de \u0219erpi pot folosi undele infraro\u0219ii pentru a g\u0103si surse de c\u0103ldur\u0103 provenite de la prad\u0103.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Faptul este c\u0103 obiectele \u00eenc\u0103lzite str\u0103lucesc. Obiectele cu adev\u0103rat bine \u00eenc\u0103lzite emit lumin\u0103 vizibil\u0103 pentru oameni, a\u0219a c\u0103 buc\u0103\u021bile de metal topit ni se par ro\u0219ii. Dar corpurile animalelor emit lumin\u0103 infraro\u0219ie, iar animalele o prind.<\/span><\/div>\n

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De exemplu, \u0219erpii folosesc vederea normal\u0103 ziua \u0219i vederea \u00een infraro\u0219u noaptea. Ei au ochii c\u0103ptu\u0219ite cu celul sensibile la c\u0103ldur\u0103 care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 chiar \u0219i \u00een \u00eentuneric complet. Dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 v\u0103 imagina\u021bi cum v\u0103d ei, aminti\u021bi-v\u0103 de filmul Predator.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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2. Vedere ultraviolet\u0103<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
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Amfibienii, iguanele individuale, multe insecte, pe\u0219tii, renii, p\u0103s\u0103rile \u0219i roz\u0103toarele au receptori UV \u00een retin\u0103.<\/span><\/div>\n

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Pentru albine, de exemplu, acest lucru le ajut\u0103 s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 nectar \u00een flori. Permite p\u0103s\u0103rilor s\u0103 observe prada mic\u0103 la distan\u021b\u0103 mare \u0219i s\u0103 manevreze la viteze mari.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0218i renii folosesc aceast\u0103 parte a spectrului pentru a g\u0103si hran\u0103. Lichenii absorb lumina ultraviolet\u0103, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t devin mai vizibili \u00een z\u0103pad\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Supravederea ajut\u0103, de asemenea, s\u0103 vad\u0103 blana de departe \u0219i, dup\u0103 cum \u0219ti\u021bi, lupii sunt adesea \u00eenf\u0103\u0219ura\u021bi \u00een ea.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00cen plus, c\u0103prioarele sunt capabile s\u0103 disting\u0103 petele de urin\u0103 acolo unde noi, oamenii, nu vedem nimic. De asemenea, urina absoarbe radia\u021biile UV, a\u0219a c\u0103 atrage aten\u021bia \u0219i \u00eei ajut\u0103 pe artiodactilii s\u0103 evite lupii \u0219i animalele c\u0103rora nu le place c\u00e2nd un str\u0103in intr\u0103 pe teritoriul lor.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Magnetorecep\u021bia<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 cum \u0219ti\u021bi, P\u0103m\u00e2ntul are un c\u00e2mp magnetic puternic care ne protejeaz\u0103 de radia\u021bia cosmic\u0103 \u0219i radia\u021bia solar\u0103. Dar unele animale au \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat s\u0103-l foloseasc\u0103 \u0219i pentru orientarea \u00een spa\u021biu. \u021aestoasele, homarii, rechinii \u0219i multe specii de p\u0103s\u0103ri migratoare au busole \u00eencorporate, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 nu se poat\u0103 pierde.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Uneori, organismele vii nu sunt sensibile la c\u00e2mpurile magnetice pe cont propriu, dar sunt \u00een simbioz\u0103 cu bacteriile din genul Magnetobacterium care tr\u0103iesc \u00een corpurile lor. Aceste microorganisme le ofer\u0103 purt\u0103torilor lor superputeri, la fel ca \u00een benzile desenate. Pinguinii, \u021bestoasele marine, liliecii \u0219i majoritatea balenelor au acestea.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Aceasta, apropo, nu este \u00eentotdeauna o abilitate util\u0103.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

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Oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 cred c\u0103 din cauza furtunilor de pe Soare, \u201ebusola\u201d e\u0219ueaz\u0103 uneori la balene \u0219i, prin urmare, acestea sunt sp\u0103late pe \u021b\u0103rm. Ei bine, cel pu\u021bin acesta este unul dintre motive.<\/span><\/p>\n

O persoan\u0103 are \u0219i organe care pot interac\u021biona cu un c\u00e2mp magnetic – sinusul sfenoidian \u0219i labirintul etmoidal din nas. Aparent, \u00een trecut, specia noastr\u0103 a fost capabil\u0103 s\u0103 navigheze \u00een acest fel, dar mai t\u00e2rziu necesitatea acestui lucru a disp\u0103rut. A\u0219a c\u0103 evolu\u021bia a f\u0103cut s\u0103 ne pierdem o super-putere, acum, \u00een schimb, avem GPS.<\/span><\/p>\n

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4. Sim\u021bul electric<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Unele creaturi, cum ar fi anghilele electrice, precum \u0219i rechinii, pot sim\u021bi c\u00e2mpurile electrice. Un organ special \u00eei ajut\u0103 \u00een acest sens – a\u0219a-numitele ampule ale lui Lorenzini.<\/p>\n

Cert este c\u0103 corpurile fiin\u021belor vii creeaz\u0103 impulsuri electrice, iar proprietarii fiolelor de Lorenzini le prind \u00een ap\u0103. Acest lucru \u00eei ajut\u0103 s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 prada.<\/p>\n

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Prin urmare, aceia\u0219i rechini sunt capabili s\u0103 atace victima f\u0103r\u0103 m\u0103car s\u0103 o vad\u0103.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Nu numai rechinii pot sim\u021bi electricitatea, ci \u0219i mamiferele. Delfinii din Guyana caut\u0103 de asemenea hran\u0103 prind curen\u021bii emana\u021bi de pe\u0219ti. Acest instinct este util nu numai \u00een timpul v\u00e2n\u0103torii, ci \u0219i pur \u0219i simplu pentru navigarea \u00een ocean.<\/p>\n

Doar \u00een loc de fiolele lui Lorenzini, delfinii \u00ee\u0219i folosesc foliculii de p\u0103r. Da, le-au p\u0103strat pe acelea, de\u0219i \u00eentr-o form\u0103 redus\u0103, de pe vremea c\u00e2nd delfinii erau p\u0103ro\u0219i, alergau pe uscat \u0219i erau numi\u021bi pakisets<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\"PhotoWynand Uys<\/a> on Unsplash<\/a>\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1678\" data-original-width=\"2374\" fifu-data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEjb975qP7BgGTPUyWwwXqY6qChVlREZwIm5GB3OWsgVov0nO9CpBo4Aml62CPbsPBzo8TKI96uceYSrQIrKkgUOc4IiEsRF46fpZKrC83ac03m7FUQ_JUEJlX5TnOeYDSQ808NphkHLT3IDvv7KJggJQF2cUKekzkkmRtyjiL7vEfJauNYeg60moq0rMA=s16000?ssl=1\" title=\"Photo by Wynand Uys<\/a> on Unsplash<\/a>\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Photo by Wynand Uys<\/a> on Unsplash<\/a><\/p>\n
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P\u0103ianjenii sunt, de asemenea, capabili s\u0103 capteze electricitate. Dar, deoarece nu tr\u0103iesc \u00een ap\u0103, trebuie s\u0103 creeze conductori pentru curent. Unele specii de artropode \u00ee\u0219i acoper\u0103 \u021bes\u0103turile cu un compus electrostatic special.<\/div>\n
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\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, prin schimbarea tensiunii, proprietarul p\u00e2nzei \u00een\u021belege unde s\u0103 caute musca prins\u0103. \u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, o re\u021bea electrificat\u0103 capteaz\u0103 mai bine diverse particule \u0219i insecte care zboar\u0103 \u00een aer. \u0218i \u00een al treilea r\u00e2nd, cei din urm\u0103 simt \u0219i c\u00e2mpuri electrice – acest lucru este important pentru ei s\u0103 navigheze \u00een aer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0218i p\u00e2nza creeaz\u0103 interferen\u021be, iar flutura\u0219ii \u0219i alte insecte, confuze, merg s\u0103 vad\u0103 ce este at\u00e2t de interesant ag\u0103\u021bat acolo. \u0218i a\u0219a sunt prin\u0219i.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0218i apropo, electricitatea este folosit\u0103 \u0219i de polenizatori, precum bondarii. Ei acumuleaz\u0103 o mic\u0103 sarcin\u0103 pozitiv\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd bat din aripi. Majoritatea plantelor sunt \u00eenc\u0103rcate negativ. C\u00e2nd o insect\u0103 aterizeaz\u0103 pe o floare, simte o mic\u0103 desc\u0103rcare electric\u0103 \u0219i din aceasta determin\u0103 dac\u0103 au existat \u0219i al\u021bi polenizatori \u0219i dac\u0103 merit\u0103 s\u0103 pierzi timpul. Dac\u0103 floarea este deja polenizat\u0103, aceasta… \u00ee\u0219i schimb\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura, avertiz\u00e2nd albinele care stau pe ea c\u0103 nu au ce s\u0103 prind\u0103 aici. M\u0103 mir, c\u00e2t de inteligent e structurat\u0103 natura.<\/p>\n

5. Ecoloca\u021bie<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ecoloca\u021bia este capacitatea de a naviga \u00een spa\u021biu dup\u0103 ureche, capt\u00e2nd sunetele reflectate de pe suprafa\u021ba obiectelor din jur. De exemplu, liliecii pot scoate un sc\u00e2r\u021b\u00e2it care nu poate fi auzit de oameni. Apoi prind ecoul acestui sc\u00e2r\u021b\u00e2it \u0219i determin\u0103 distan\u021bele p\u00e2n\u0103 la obiecte \u0219i prad\u0103 de la el.<\/p>\n

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Photo by vishu vishuma<\/a> on Unsplash<\/a><\/p>\n
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Aceast\u0103 super-abilitate este necesar\u0103 liliecilor pentru a evita s\u0103 se loveasc\u0103 de obstacole atunci c\u00e2nd zboar\u0103.<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 lilieci, ecoloca\u021bia cu ultrasunete este folosit\u0103 de gra\u0219ii (acesta este numele speciei, nu o caracteristic\u0103 a aspectului) de nop\u021bi \u0219i de lican\u021bi. Este folosit \u0219i de \u0219obolani de laborator.<\/div>\n
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Nev\u0103z\u0103torii, apropo, pot \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba \u0219i ecolocarea. Dar, desigur, ei nu sunt la fel de avansati ca cei ai liliecilor, iar oamenii sunt incapabili s\u0103 emit\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 perceap\u0103 ultrasunetele.<\/div>\n
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Delfinii, pe de alt\u0103 parte, sunt at\u00e2t de buni \u00een combinarea informa\u021biilor vizuale \u0219i acustice \u00een creierul lor \u00eenc\u00e2t sunt capabili s\u0103 \u201evad\u0103\u201d literalmente datele sonarului. Probabil seam\u0103n\u0103 cu o imagine de pe ecranul unui aparat cu ultrasunete. Oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 cred chiar c\u0103 aceast\u0103 abilitate permite delfinilor s\u0103 fac\u0103 distinc\u021bia \u00eentre femeile \u00eens\u0103rcinate \u0219i cele care nu sunt gravide. Nu este deosebit de util pentru delfini, dar totu\u0219i.<\/p>\n

6. Infra-auz<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n

Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 ultrasunete, exist\u0103 \u0219i ecoloca\u021bie infrasonic\u0103. Sunetele de joas\u0103 frecven\u021b\u0103 sunt preferate, de exemplu, de balenele, cum ar fi cea cu cocoa\u0219\u0103 sau albastr\u0103.<\/div>\n
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Photo by Mike Doherty<\/a> on Unsplash<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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Infrasunetele se propag\u0103 \u00een ap\u0103 mult mai departe dec\u00e2t toate celelalte valuri \u0219i, cu ajutorul lui, de exemplu, balenele comunic\u0103 \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i fac cuno\u0219tin\u021be utile. Se adun\u0103 \u00eentr-o turm\u0103 \u0219i c\u00e2nt\u0103 \u00een cor.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Nu numai creaturile marine pot auzi infrasunetele, ci \u0219i creaturile terestre, cum ar fi elefan\u021bii \u0219i aligatorii. Adev\u0103rat, ei nu pot naviga cu ajutorul lui \u00een aer, dar sunt capabili s\u0103-\u0219i dea semnale unul altuia. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prietenii no\u0219tri din lumea animal\u0103, pot vedea prin perete, pot naviga f\u0103r\u0103 GPS \u0219i simt prada de la distan\u021be mari.1. Vedere \u00een infraro\u0219uLumina infraro\u0219u are…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2487,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-141","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curiozitate"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/valuestream.club\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/141","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/valuestream.club\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/valuestream.club\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valuestream.club\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valuestream.club\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=141"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/valuestream.club\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/141\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valuestream.club\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2487"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/valuestream.club\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=141"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valuestream.club\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=141"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valuestream.club\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=141"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}